References - CEFI

Scientific studies on chicory root fibres

Prebiotic effect

Bouhnik, Y., L. Raskine, K. Champion, C. Andrieux, S. Penven, H. Jacobs and G. Simoneau (2007). "Prolonged administration of low-dose inulin stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria in humans." Nutrition Research 27(4): 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2007.01.013

Brighenti, F., M. Casiraghi, E. Canzi and A. Ferrari (1999). "Effect of consumption of a ready-to-eat breakfast cereal containing inulin on the intestinal milieu and blood lipids in healthy male volunteers." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53(9): 726-733. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600841

Closa-Monasterolo et al. (2013) Safety and efficacy of inulin and oligofructose supplementation in infant formula: results from a randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr 32(6):918–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2013.02.009

Gibson, G. R., R. W. Hutkins, M. E. Sanders, S. L. Prescott, R. A. Reimer, S. J. Salminen, K. Scott, C. Stanton, K. S. Swanson and P. D. Cani (2017). "The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics." https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75

Hughes, R. L., D. A. Alvarado, K. S. Swanson and H. D. Holscher (2021). "The prebiotic potential of inulin-type fructans: a systematic review." Advances in Nutrition 13(2): 492-529. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab119

Kleessen, B., S. Schwarz, A. Boehm, H. Fuhrmann, A. Richter, T. Henle and M. Krueger (2007). "Jerusalem artichoke and chicory inulin in bakery products affect faecal microbiota of healthy volunteers." British Journal of Nutrition 98(3): 540-549. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507730751

Kruse, H.-P., B. Kleessen and M. Blaut (1999). "Effects of inulin on faecal bifidobacteria in human subjects." British Journal of Nutrition 82(5): 375-382. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599001622

Kordowski et al. (2022) Palatinose™ (Isomaltulose) and Prebiotic Inulin-Type Fructans Have Beneficial Effects on Glycemic Response and Gut Microbiota Composition in Healthy Volunteers—A Real-Life, Retrospective Study of a Cohort That Participated in a Digital Nutrition Program. Front Nutr 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.829933

Neumer et al. (2021) Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Prebiotic Enriched Infant Formula—A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 13(4):1276. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041276

Skórka et al. (2018) Infant formulae supplemented with prebiotics: Are they better than unsupplemented formulae? An updated systematic review. Br J Nutr:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114518000120

So, D., K. Whelan, M. Rossi, M. Morrison, G. Holtmann, J. T. Kelly, E. R. Shanahan, H. M. Staudacher and K. L. Campbell (2018). "Dietary fiber intervention on gut microbiota composition in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis." The American journal of clinical nutrition 107(6): 965-983. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy041

Nagy,D.U. (2022). “Effect of chicory-derived inulin-type fructans on abundance of Bifidobacterium and on bowel function: a systematic review with meta-analyses." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2098246

Rao (2001) The prebiotic properties of oligofructose at low intake levels. Nutr Res 21:843–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00284-6

Vandeputte et al. (2017) Prebiotic inulin-type fructans induce specific changes in the human gut microbiota. Gut 66(11):1968–1974. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313271

Digestive health

Boets, E., L. Deroover, E. Houben, K. Vermeulen, S. V. Gomand, J. A. Delcour and K. Verbeke (2015). "Quantification of in vivo colonic short chain fatty acid production from inulin." Nutrients 7(11): 8916-8929. . https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7115440

Buddington, R. K., C. Kapadia, F. Neumer and S. Theis (2017). "Oligofructose provides laxation for irregularity associated with low fiber intake." Nutrients 9(12): 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9121372

Collado Yurrita, L. and I. San Mauro Martin (2014). "Ciudad-Cabanas MJ, Calle-Puron ME, Hernandez Cabria M. Effectiveness of inulin intake on indicators of chronic constipation; a meta-analysis of controlled randomized clinical trials." Nutr Hosp 30(2): 244-252. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2014.30.2.7565

Dahl, W. J., A. R. Wright, G. J. Specht, M. Christman, A. Mathews, D. Meyer, T. Boileau, H. J. Willis and B. Langkamp-Henken (2014). "Consuming foods with added oligofructose improves stool frequency: a randomised trial in healthy young adults." Journal of nutritional science 3. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2014.6

De Vries, J., C. Le Bourgot, W. Calame and F. Respondek (2019). "Effects of β-fructans fiber on bowel function: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Nutrients 11(1): 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010091

Den Hond, E., B. Geypens and Y. Ghoos (2000). "Effect of high performance chicory inulin on constipation." Nutrition Research 20(5): 731-736. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00162-7

EFSA (2015). "Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to “native chicory inulin” and maintenance of normal defecation by increasing stool frequency pursuant to Article 13.5 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006." EFSA Journal 13(1): 3951. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3951

Ellegård, L., H. Andersson and I. Bosaeus (1997). "Inulin and oligofructose do not influence the absorption of cholesterol, or the excretion of cholesterol, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, or bile acids but increases energy excretion in ileostomy subjects." European journal of clinical nutrition 51(1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600320

Marteau, P., H. Jacobs, M. Cazaubiel, C. Signoret, J.-M. Prevel and B. Housez (2011). "Effects of chicory inulin in constipated elderly people: a double-blind controlled trial." International journal of food sciences and nutrition 62(2): 164-170. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2010.527323

Micka, A., A. Siepelmeyer, A. Holz, S. Theis and C. Schön (2017). "Effect of consumption of chicory inulin on bowel function in healthy subjects with constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." International journal of food sciences and nutrition 68(1): 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637486.2016.1212819

Swanson, K., W. De Vos, E. Martens, J. Gilbert, R. Menon, A. Soto-Vaca, J. Hautvast, P. Meyer, K. Borewicz and E. Vaughan (2020). "Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: a review." Beneficial microbes 11(2): 101-129. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2019.0082

van Trijp, M. P., C. Rösch, R. An, S. Keshtkar, M. J. Logtenberg, G. D. Hermes, E. G. Zoetendal, H. A. Schols and G. J. Hooiveld (2020). "Fermentation kinetics of selected dietary fibers by human small intestinal microbiota depend on the type of fiber and subject." Molecular nutrition & food research 64(20): 2000455. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202000455

Watson, A. W., D. Houghton, P. J. Avery, C. Stewart, E. E. Vaughan, P. D. Meyer, M. J. de Bos Kuil, P. J. Weijs and K. Brandt (2019). "Changes in stool frequency following chicory inulin consumption, and effects on stool consistency, quality of life and composition of gut microbiota." Food hydrocolloids 96: 688-698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.06.006

Blood glucose management

EFSA (2014). "Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to non digestible carbohydrates and a reduction of post prandial glycaemic responses pursuant to Article 13 (5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006." EFSA Journal 12(1): 3513. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3513

Kellow, N. J., M. T. Coughlan and C. M. Reid (2014). "Metabolic benefits of dietary prebiotics in human subjects: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials." British Journal of Nutrition 111(7): 1147-1161. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513003607

Kordowski, A., A. Künstner, L. Schweitzer, S. Theis, T. Schröder, H. Busch, C. Sina and M. Smollich (2022). "PalatinoseTM (Isomaltulose) and Prebiotic Inulin-Type Fructans Have Beneficial Effects on Glycemic Response and Gut Microbiota Composition in Healthy Volunteers—A Real-Life, Retrospective Study of a Cohort That Participated in a Digital Nutrition Program." Frontiers in nutrition 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.829933

Lightowler, H., S. Thondre, A. Holz and S. Theis (2017). "Replacement of glycaemic carbohydrates by inulin-type fructans from chicory (oligofructose, inulin) reduces the postprandial blood glucose and insulin response to foods: report of two double-blind, randomized, controlled trials." European journal of nutrition 57(3): 1259-1268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-017-1409-z

Russo et al. (2010) Metabolic effects of a diet with inulin-enriched pasta in healthy young volunteers. Curr Pharm Des 16(7):825–831. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161210790883570

Mineral absorption and bone health

Abrams, S. A., I. J. Griffin, K. M. Hawthorne, L. Liang, S. K. Gunn, G. Darlington and K. J. Ellis (2005). "A combination of prebiotic short-and long-chain inulin-type fructans enhances calcium absorption and bone mineralization in young adolescents–." The American journal of clinical nutrition 82(2): 471-476. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn.82.2.471

Costa, G., Q. Vasconcelos, G. Abreu, A. Albuquerque, J. Vilarejo and G. Aragão (2020). "Changes in nutrient absorption in children and adolescents caused by fructans, especially fructooligosaccharides and inulin." Archives de Pédiatrie 27(3): 166-169. https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00361

Kim, Y.-Y., K.-H. Jang, E.-Y. Lee, C. Yunhi, S.-A. Kang, W.-K. Ha and C. Ryowon (2004). "The effect of chicory fructan fiber on calcium absorption and bone metabolism in Korean postmenopausal women." Nutritional sciences 7(3): 151-157. https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200411922635704.pdf

Lopez, H. W., C. Coudray, M.-A. Levrat-Verny, C. Feillet-Coudray, C. Demigné and C. Rémésy (2000). "Fructooligosaccharides enhance mineral apparent absorption and counteract the deleterious effects of phytic acid on mineral homeostasis in rats." The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 11(10): 500-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00109-1

Reinhold, J. G., B. Faradji, P. Abadi and F. Ismail-Beigi (1976). "Decreased absorption of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus by humans due to increased fiber and phosphorus consumption as wheat bread." The Journal of Nutrition 106(4): 493-503. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/106.4.493

Weight management and metabolism

Cani, P., E. Joly, Y. Horsmans and N. M. Delzenne (2006). "Oligofructose promotes satiety in healthy human: a pilot study." European journal of clinical nutrition 60(5): 567-572. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602350

Hiel, S., L. B. Bindels, B. D. Pachikian, G. Kalala, V. Broers, G. Zamariola, B. P. Chang, B. Kambashi, J. Rodriguez and P. D. Cani (2019). "Effects of a diet based on inulin-rich vegetables on gut health and nutritional behavior in healthy humans." The American journal of clinical nutrition 109(6): 1683-1695. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz001

Hiel, S., M. A. Gianfrancesco, J. Rodriguez, D. Portheault, Q. Leyrolle, L. B. Bindels, C. G. da Silveira Cauduro, M. D. Mulders, G. Zamariola and A.-S. Azzi (2020). "Link between gut microbiota and health outcomes in inulin-treated obese patients: Lessons from the Food4Gut multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial." Clinical Nutrition 39(12): 3618-3628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.005

Hume, M. P., A. C. Nicolucci and R. A. Reimer (2017). "Prebiotic supplementation improves appetite control in children with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial." The American journal of clinical nutrition 105(4): 790-799. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.140947

Li, L., P. Li and L. Xu (2021). "Assessing the effects of inulin‐type fructan intake on body weight, blood glucose, and lipid profile: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials." Food science & nutrition 9(8): 4598-4616. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2403

McCann, M., M. Livingstone, J. Wallace, A. Gallagher and R. Weich (2011). "Oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation decreases energy intake in overweight and obese men and women." Obes Rev12 [Suppl 1]: 63-279.

Neyrinck, A. M., J. Rodriguez, Z. Zhang, B. Seethaler, C. R. Sánchez, M. Roumain, S. Hiel, L. B. Bindels, P. D. Cani and N. Paquot (2021). "Prebiotic dietary fibre intervention improves fecal markers related to inflammation in obese patients: Results from the Food4Gut randomized placebo-controlled trial." European journal of nutrition 60(6): 3159-3170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02484-5

Nicolucci, A. C., M. P. Hume, I. Martínez, S. Mayengbam, J. Walter and R. A. Reimer (2017). "Prebiotics reduce body fat and alter intestinal microbiota in children who are overweight or with obesity." Gastroenterology 153(3): 711-722. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.05.055

Parnell, J. A. and R. A. Reimer (2009). "Weight loss during oligofructose supplementation is associated with decreased ghrelin and increased peptide YY in overweight and obese adults." The American journal of clinical nutrition 89(6): 1751-1759. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27465

Santos Filho, G. and N. M. JCCN (2022). "Effects of the use of prebiotics in the treatment of obesity." Adv Obes Weight Manag Control 12(2): 38-43. https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00361

van der Beek, C. M., E. E. Canfora, A. M. Kip, S. H. Gorissen, S. W. O. Damink, H. M. van Eijk, J. J. Holst, E. E. Blaak, C. H. Dejong and K. Lenaerts (2018). "The prebiotic inulin improves substrate metabolism and promotes short-chain fatty acid production in overweight to obese men." Metabolism 87: 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.009

Immunity

Lohner et al. (2014) Prebiotics in healthy infants and children for prevention of acute infectious diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 72(8):523–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12117

Lohner, S., V. Jakobik, K. Mihályi, S. Soldi, S. Vasileiadis, S. Theis, M. Sailer, C. Sieland, K. Berényi and G. Boehm (2018). "Inulin-type fructan supplementation of 3-to 6-year-old children is associated with higher fecal Bifidobacterium concentrations and fewer febrile episodes requiring medical attention." The Journal of nutrition 148(8): 1300-1308. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy120

Soldi et al. (2019) Prebiotic supplementation over a cold season and during antibiotic treatment specifically modulates the gut microbiota composition of 3-6 year-old children. Benef Microbes 19; 10 (3):253–263. https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2018.0116

Vogt, L., D. Meyer, G. Pullens, M. Faas, M. Smelt, K. Venema, U. Ramasamy, H. A. Schols and P. De Vos (2015). "Immunological properties of inulin-type fructans." Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 55(3): 414-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.656772

Vogt, L. M., M. E. Elderman, T. Borghuis, B. J. de Haan, M. M. Faas and P. de Vos (2017). "Chain length‐dependent effects of inulin‐type fructan dietary fiber on human systemic immune responses against hepatitis‐B." Molecular nutrition & food research 61(10): 1700171. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700171